Rare earth and mining guides
These guides explain how rare earths are mined, processed and sold, and how to read the news releases and reports that mining companies publish.
How rare earth elements work
- What Are Rare Earth Elements?Seventeen metals, most of them not rare at all. What they are and what they are used for.
- Rare Earth Magnets ExplainedHow NdFeB magnets are made, where they go, and why they drive rare earth demand.
- Rare Earth Deposit TypesCarbonatites, ionic clays and mineral sands: why the rock decides the cost.
How the rare earth market works
- What Is NdPr Oxide?The neodymium-praseodymium product that sets most rare earth project economics.
- China Rare Earth Export ControlsWhat China restricted in 2025, what it suspended, and what is still in force.
- How Rare Earths Are ProcessedFrom ore to concentrate to separated oxide to metal: the steps and who does them.
- Rare Earth RecyclingWhy so few rare earths are recycled today, how magnets are recovered, and how much recycling could supply.
How to read mining company announcements
- What Is an NI 43-101 Technical Report?The Canadian rule behind every resource estimate and mining study, and what a technical report must contain.
- How to Read Drill ResultsGrams per tonne, core length versus true width, and the details a drill-result release should include.
- What Are Flow-Through Shares?How Canadian junior miners fund exploration, and how the 15% and 30% exploration tax credits work.
- TSX vs TSX Venture vs CSECanada's three stock exchanges for mining companies: who lists where, the listing rules, and what changes for investors.
- Why Rare Earth Deposits Don't Need High GradesWhy a 0.3% clay can compete with a 6% hard-rock mine: the mix of elements, the extraction method and the location.
- How to Read a Rare Earth Resource EstimateTREO, magnet rare earth ratios and cut-off grades, in plain language.